History+0910+7B

Hello Grade 7,Mr McHugh and I are e-mailing you to let you know the topics that will be included on your Grade 7 HUMANITIES examinations after the Easter holidays. You will do one examination for HUMANITIES. Half of the examination will be testing you on your geography knowledge, and half will be testing you in your history knowledge. **__FOR HISTORY__**-THE TOPICS THAT WILL BE IN YOUR EXAM ARE: __**THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORS**__- using information from your El Slavador booklets. __**ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION**__ - using information on the people, places, and events we studied early in the year. __**BLACK PEOPLE OF THE AMERICAS**__- using information on the people, places, and events we have studied more recently. We all hope that these is enough information for you at the moment. If you have any questions please speak to your teacher in your next history lesson. Kind regards & Good Luck, - IMH and CVAHistory Department

DIARY OF A SLAVE: MIDDLE PASSAGE CAPTURE AND SAILING History – Grade 7 CAL 2 Assessment task The assessment = 20% of CAL 2 for History. The deadline is the lesson: 8TH February (7a and b) and 11th of February (7c). Good luck and please remember to ask for help if you are unsure. ** Write a diary from the plantation. ** Things you need to consider: As you may see, a diary can not be written with only one date on it. Your diary must include the date that you were captured, somewhere around the beginning of slavery in Africa by Europeans: the year 1440. Or you can stick to the fact that slavery stopped in 1865 and you are on the plantation. (**Remember there are 425 years in between this dates**) You should structure your ideas first in order to optimize your time during the lesson to fulfill the task. Good luck!
 * __THE MOST IMPORTANT THING TO BE AWARE OF IS THAT YOUR WORK MUST BE HAND WRITTEN DURING ONE LESSON UNDER EXAM CONDITIONS.__ **
 * __THE NATURE OF THE TASK - IT IS A DIARY - MEANS THAT WE WILL NOT ACCEPT ANY WORK THAT HAS BEEN COMPLETED ON COMPUTER OR HAS BEEN WORDPROCESSED.__ **
 * 1. Your diary is written in the plantation as you have already been sold to someone in the Americas.
 * 2. Your diary must contain the following parts to get higher marks:
 * ** Capture in Africa, make sure you write which village or kingdom you come from, about your family, your age and your job. Also include the description of how they captured you. **
 * ** The Middle Passage should include from the moment you are taken into the ship and transported to the Americas. This is the most important part where you have to write as much detail as you can about what you are going through. REMEMBER TO EMPATHISE with your character´s diary. (feel, see, touch, smell, hear) **
 * ** Auction. Should include the moment you are taken out of the ship and are auctioned until you are again in the plantation writing your diary. **

Ibo or Igbo people are an ethnic group living chiefly in southeastern and south Nigeria. They speak Igbo and other dialects, but today a majority of them speak English. Igbo people are among the largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria.

They are mostly farmers. Their most important crop is the yam. British and Europeans identified Igbo as a tribe.

The city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Their king-figure is Eri, he has been described as a "sky being" sent by Chukwu (God). Communities were usually governed and administered by a council of elders.

Umunna are a form of patrilineage maintained by the Igbo.

Mathematics in traditional Igbo society is evident in their calendar. In their indigenous calendar, a week had four days, a month consisted of seven weeks and 13 months made a year. In the last month, an extra day was added. This calendar is still used in indigenous Igbo villages and towns to determine market days.

A system of slavery existed among the Igbo after and before the arrival and knowledge of Europeans. The transatlantic slave trade which took place between the 16th and late 19th century affected the Igbo heavily. Most Igbo slaves were taken from the Bight of Biafra. Slaves were usually sold to Europeans by the Aro Confederacy who kidnapped or bought slaves from Igbo villages in the hinterland. Igbo slaves were known for being rebellious and having a high count of suicide in defiance of slavery.

Igbo culture includes the various customs, practices and traditions of the Igbo people. The Igbo people have a musical style into which they incorporate various percussion instruments: the udu, an ekwe, and the ogene. Igbo art is generally known for various types of masks and outfits symbolising people, animals or abstract conceptions.

Their houses are large opened-sided square planned shelters.

Today, the majority of the Igbo people are Christian and a half are Roman Catholics. There are a small population of Igbo Jews. The ancient Igbo religion and traditions are known as Odinani.

In Igbo mythology, the supreme God is called Chukwu ("great spirit"). Igbo poeple thought that Chukwu created the world and everything in it and is associated with all things on Earth. Chukwu is a solar deity. The Igbo believe in reincarnation. People are believed to reincarnate into families that they were part of while alive.

The process of marrying usually involves asking the young woman's consent, introducing the woman to the man's family and the same for the man to the woman's family, testing the bride's character, checking the woman's family background and paying the brides wealth. **Adriana Valladares 7B**

The Mende People live in West Africa. They mostly work as rice farmers and hunters.The Mende have their own lanuguage called Mende Language.700,00 people habitate the Mende tirbe.Mende is written Mende but is pronounced (Mande).The Mende tribe have their own religion in which the creator and ruler of the universe is called Ngewo.Their is another god called Nga-fa. They are both **praised when clamoring for protection and fertility. Isavel McGough- 7B- Mende** Isavel McGough- 7B-

Kru is a group of people who lives in in the interior on Iberia. In 1856 when part of Liberia was known as Independent, the Kru and the Grebo people resisted Maryland settlers' efforts to control their trade.They were not famous to the European slave raideres. Their slave values was less than other African people because they can escape or get captured. ** Frank Mejia **

Ashanti is in central Ghana. The Ashanti people are a group of Akans. in Ashanti the families and the mothers clan are most important. the Ashanti people live in big families. The one incharged of the the house is the oldest brother.The oldest brother is chosen by the eldest and they are called father or housefather. the Ashanti goverment is shaped like a pyramid. The Ashanti religion spiritual and supernatural and also belive in fairies, witches and forest monsters. Eduardo apostolo 

Songhai also known as Songhay was African state of west Africa. From the 15th century to the 16th century Songhai was one of the largest empires in Africa in history. Songhai's capital was Gao, where a small Songhai state had existed since the 11th century. Their language was Songhai and their currency was Cowries but gold, salt and copper were also commen in the Songhai empire. Since they met the muslims in the North Songhai's religion was Islam.

**RACHAEL KESLAKE**
SERER

Countries un serer Population Language Religion Ganbia : 27.000 SERER-SINE Tradicional, Islam, Cristianismo (SERRER, SEEREER)

Senegal: 100.000 SERER-SINE (SÉRÈRE-SINE, SERRER, SEREER, Tradicional, Islam, Cristianismo SEEREER, SINE-SALOUM)

The **Serer** is the third largest ethnic group in Senegal, and also present in The gambiaand their principal sport played by the Serer is the wrestling. = Ana Beatriz =

Fula or Fulani or Fulbe (the latter being an Anglicisation of the word in their language, Fulɓe[1]) are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, predominantly in West Africa, but found also in Central Africa and Sudanese North Africa. The countries in Africa where they are present include Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, The Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Chad, Togo, the Central African Republic, Ghana, Liberia, and as far as Sudan in the east. Fula people form a minority in every country they live, but in Guinea they represent a plurality of the population that is 40%.Total population 27 000 000. Paola Wollants

Chamba: I learned that my village is really poor and people work near the coast fishing. Juan Pablo =**//Nigerian culture, as discussed in//** **//__history of western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms__//** **//: //** = The archaeological evidence of the Nok culture shows that the inhabitants of central Nigeria engaged in agriculture and were using iron and other metals by about 500 bc. It is moreover generally accepted that the terra-cotta sculptures associated with Nok are precursors of the later court sculpture of southwestern Nigeria, in bronze or brass and stone as well as terra-cotta. Nok terracottas were scattered at various depths throughout the Sudan grasslands, causing difficulty in the dating and classification of the mysterious artifacts.

Nok earliest identified culture in Nigeria; flourished between about 500 and about 200 in the area north of the meeting of the Niger and Benue rivers on the Jos Plateau; first discovered in 1928 in the village of Nok; most characteristic Nok artifacts are clay figurines of animals and stylized human beings, usually heads; culture also called Nok figurine culture after these artifacts.

Luckily, two archaeological sites, Samun Dukiya and Taruga, were found containing Nok art that had remained unmoved. Radiocarbon and thermo-luminescence tests narrowed the sculptures’ age down to between 2000 and 2500 years ago, making them some of the oldest in West Africa. Because of the similarities between the two sites, archaeologist Graham Connah believes that "Nok artwork represents a style that was adopted by a range of iron-using farming societies of varying cultures, rather than being the diagnostic feature of a particular human group as has often been claimed."

The Nok culture was discovered in 1928 on the Jos Plateau during tin mining. Lt-Colonel John Dent-Young, an Englishman, was leading mining operations in the Nigerian village of Nok. During these operations, one of the miners found a small terracotta of a monkey head. Other finds included a terracotta human head and a foot. The colonel, at a later date, had these artifacts placed in a museum in Jos Plateau region of Nigeria.

Karla Ramos

What did you search and learn on Arabia and the Deserts?

**IN 1ST OF OCTOBER** **60% YOUR BOOKLET MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: a) a contents page 5% b) a storyboard/cartoon of Christopher Columbus voyage accross the Atlantic in 1492 10% c) a fact sheet on Christopher Columbus containing 20 important facts about his life 10% d) a timeline of the spanish conquest of Central and South America including El Salvador 10% e) information on three famous conquistadors or tribal leaders from the period of the conquest 15% f) a bibliography 10%
 * CAL 1 EL SALVADOR BOOKLET**

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